Final answer:
The correct answer is A) application program, SQL, where transactions can be embedded in an application program or specified using SQL in a DBMS interactively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The database operations that form a transaction can either be embedded within an application program, or they can be specified interactively via a high-level query language such as SQL. So, the correct answer to your question is A) application program, SQL. When transactions are embedded in an application program, a developer writes code to explicitly begin, control, and end transactions. On the other hand, using SQL to specify transactions interactively involves executing SQL commands manually or through a script to manage the transaction process within the database management system (DBMS).