Final answer:
HIPAA addresses the security and privacy of health data and mandates confidentiality of health records maintained by healthcare providers and insurance companies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The legislation that addresses the security and privacy of health data is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA, enacted in 1996, sets national standards for the protection of sensitive patient health information. It mandates that entities such as healthcare providers and insurance companies maintain the confidentiality of health records. Ensuring the security and privacy of health data is crucial in the maintenance of patient trust and compliance with federal regulations.