Final answer:
In 1302, Dante was exiled from Florence, which was a significant event in his life, influencing his subsequent literary works.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tragedy that befell Dante in the year 1302 was B) He was exiled from Florence. Exile was a severe punishment during that time, often involving being forbidden to come within a certain distance of the city under penalty of death. Dante's exile from Florence was a turning point in his life, impacting him deeply and influencing his later works, such as the Divine Comedy. This happened as a result of his involvement in the political conflicts of the time. Dante, being a supporter of the White Guelphs, opposed the Black Guelphs who were in power in Florence. As a consequence, he was sentenced to permanent exile from the city.