Final answer:
Waxy coatings on skin, hair, and feathers of some animals, as well as the cuticle of some plants, are a type of lipid, composed of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols. These coatings are waterproof and protect organisms from dehydration and microorganisms. Common examples include beeswax and carnauba wax.
Step-by-step explanation:
Waxy coatings, such as those found on skin, hair, and feathers of some animals and the cuticle of some plants, are a type of lipid. Waxes are a diverse group of organic compounds that serve various functions in both plants and animals. They are esters formed from long-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols, acting as protective barriers to prevent water loss and provide lubrication.
Waxes form a waterproof coating making surfaces like feathers and leaves water repellent. They can also protect against dehydration and invasion by harmful microorganisms. This characteristic is crucial for aquatic birds, which rely on the waterproof nature of their feathers to maintain buoyancy and for plants to conserve water.
Common examples of natural waxes include beeswax, lanolin, carnauba wax, and plant-derived substances like jojoba oil and candelilla wax. These waxes have a wide range of applications beyond their biological functions, including uses in cosmetics, polishes, and food coatings.