Final answer:
The hippocampus, located in the medial temporal lobe, is the part of the brain responsible for the creation of memories and is often linked to Alzheimer's disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is c) Hippocampus. The hippocampus is a critical brain structure located in the medial temporal lobe and is associated with learning and memory. It plays a key role in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial memory that enables navigation. The hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage in Alzheimer's disease, which leads to the disorientation and memory loss associated with the disorder.
In contrast, the Thalamus acts as a sensory relay station, except for the sense of smell, and is not primarily responsible for memory creation. The Cerebellum is involved in motor control and coordination. The Medulla oblongata is part of the brainstem and is vital for autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
Understanding the role of the hippocampus in memory formation and its link to Alzheimer's disease provides insight into how memory disorders develop and how they can potentially be treated.