Final answer:
The axon is the part of the neuron responsible for transmitting the neural message across the neuron, carrying the action potential from the cell body to other cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the neuron responsible for carrying the neural message from one end to the other is the axon. Neurons have distinctive structures to fulfill their role as nerve signal conductors, and the axon is crucial in this process. Once a signal is received by the dendrites, it travels to the cell body, or soma, and then down the axon. The axon functions as a tube-like structure that propagates the electrical signals to axon terminals, which in turn communicate with other neurons, muscles, or target organs. Some axons are insulated with myelin, which is produced by glial cells and increases the speed of electrical signal conduction. The action potential travels along the axon until it reaches the synaptic terminals, where neurotransmitters are released to transmit the signal across the synapse to other cells.