Final answer:
Cellular respiration is approximately 34% efficient in extracting energy from glucose, with up to 38 ATP produced per glucose molecule. The majority of ATP is produced in the electron transport chain, and this level of efficiency corresponds to option (d) 30-40%. The correct option is d) 30-40%
Step-by-step explanation:
The efficiency of cellular respiration in extracting the energy stored in the bonds of glucose is about 34%. The process of cellular respiration includes glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain.
While glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle contribute a smaller amount of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary molecule used to store and transfer energy in cells, the electron transport chain is more proficient in ATP production.
During aerobic respiration, one mole of glucose can produce up to 38 ATP molecules: up to 34 from the electron transport chain and 4 from earlier stages of respiration (glycolysis and Krebs Cycle).
This number fits the overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration where a significant amount of energy is captured in the form of ATP, making this process a vital way for cells to power their various functions.
When considering the maximum yield of ATP, the efficiency of extracting energy in glucose is between 30-40%, which corresponds to answer option (d) in the original question. This indicates that a significant proportion of the energy remains unused and is lost as heat during cellular respiration. The correct option is d) 30-40%