Final answer:
The production of offspring who are recombinant for two genes on the same chromosome occurs through the process of crossing over, which increases genetic diversity by allowing for the exchange of alleles during meiosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that results in the production of offspring who are recombinant for two genes on the same chromosome is known as crossover, or recombination. This occurs during prophase I of meiosis, when homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material. This exchange of alleles results in the production of gametes with new combinations of genes, thus increasing the genetic diversity among offspring. In the case where two genes are close together on the same chromosome, crossing over can result in offspring with recombinant genotypes that exhibit different traits from both of their parents.