Final answer:
ATP synthase is found in the chloroplasts and mitochondria of plant cells, where it facilitates the synthesis of ATP in photosynthesis and cellular respiration, respectively. The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma of the chloroplast.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a plant cell, ATP synthase can be found in the chloroplasts and mitochondria. ATP synthase is an enzyme that helps synthesize ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary energy currency of the cell. In chloroplasts, ATP synthase is located in the thylakoid membrane where it plays a critical role during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Similarly, in mitochondria, ATP synthase is situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is involved in the production of ATP during cellular respiration when glucose and oxygen are available.
Regarding the plant cell's compartments, the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle, take place in the stroma of the chloroplast. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are double-membrane organelles that produce ATP, but they have distinctive features. Mitochondria have inter-membrane space and cristae, while chloroplasts have thylakoid membranes that form grana and also contain stroma.