Final answer:
Population change is influenced by births, deaths, immigration, and emigration, which together determine a population's growth rate. Life expectancy and fertility rates also play critical roles in shaping population dynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The different factors affecting population change include births within the population (natality), deaths within the population (mortality), immigration (arrival of individuals from outside the population), and emigration (departure of individuals from the population). These components interact to determine a population's growth rate, which can be calculated using the equation: growth rate = (birth rate + immigration rate) - (death rate + emigration rate).
When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, the population size will increase. Conversely, if the death rate is higher than the birth rate, the population will decrease. If both rates are equal, the population size will remain stable. Factors such as life expectancy and fertility rates also significantly influence population dynamics.
Life expectancy affects the population's health, resources, and reproduction, while fertility rates indicate the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her childbearing years.