Final answer:
The correct option is 1) Descartes' 3rd Meditations discuss the existence of God.
Descartes' 3rd Meditations primarily discuss the existence of God, employ methodological skepticism, and aim to establish a method for achieving absolute certainty. They also touch upon the dualistic view of mind and body but do not argue against the existence of an external world.
Step-by-step explanation:
In relation to Descartes' 3rd Meditations, the statements that are true are the following:
- Descartes discusses the existence of God, focusing on the cosmological and ontological arguments for God's existence as a foundation for achieving certain knowledge.
- Descartes' dualistic view on the nature of mind and body is further developed, following his famous 'cogito, ergo sum' (I think, therefore I am).
- The meditations indeed explore the concept of doubt and skepticism as Descartes employs methodological skepticism to remove all beliefs that could potentially be in doubt, aiming to find indubitable truths.
- He proposes a method for finding absolute certainty based on clear and distinct perceptions.
The statement suggesting that Descartes argues against the existence of an external world in the 3rd Meditations is not true as this is not the primary focus of that particular meditation.