Question

Several layers of cells, called granulosa cells, surround and nourish a developing oocyte in the ovary. What is the function of these granulosa cells?

1) To provide structural support to the oocyte
2) To produce hormones that regulate the development of the oocyte
3) To protect the oocyte from external damage
4) To supply nutrients to the oocyte

Answer 1

Granulosa cells provide structural support, produce hormones for oocyte development, supply nutrients, and protect the oocyte. They also contribute to the formation of the zona pellucida and follicular fluid, playing a crucial role in the ovarian cycle and subsequent stages leading to potential fertilization and pregnancy.

Step-by-step explanation:

The granulosa cells perform several critical functions during folliculogenesis, the process where primordial ovarian follicles develop into mature tertiary follicles. Their functions include:

• Providing structural support to the oocyte.
• Producing hormones such as estrogen, which regulate the development of the oocyte.
• Supplying essential nutrients to the oocyte.
• Protecting the oocyte from external damage.

Throughout folliculogenesis, these cells proliferate and aid in forming the follicular fluid and the zona pellucida around the oocyte. The granulosa cells also transition from a flat or squamous shape to a rounded, cuboidal shape as they actively support the oocyte.

During the late stages of follicle development, granulosa cells along with theca cells produce estrogens essential for the regulation of the reproductive cycle. Eventually, after ovulation, they transform into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone, crucial for maintaining the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy.