Final answer:
The result of successful separation from the family of origin while still remaining connected is referred to as autonomy, a critical developmental stage in adolescence according to Erikson's theory. Autonomy is different from alienation, which is characterized by disconnection from society and self.
Step-by-step explanation:
The result of successful separation from the family of origin while still remaining connected is best described as autonomy. Autonomy implies the ability to make one's own decisions and act on them independently, which is a vital part of individual development, especially during adolescence. It differs from independence in that autonomy recognizes an individual's connectedness to others while still supporting self-governance. In contrast, independence focuses more on self-sufficiency. Isolation and alienation are negative outcomes that imply a lack of connectivity and integration with society or a group.
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the main task of the adolescent is developing autonomy. This process involves assertiveness of independence and a growing sense of identity, distinguishing oneself from the family unit while still maintaining family bonds. Throughout the life course, the levels of dependence and independence fluctuate, with adolescence being a critical period for asserting autonomy.
Marx's concept of alienation describes a state where a person is isolated from society, their work, or their sense of self, which is substantially different from the notion of autonomy. Alienation is a negative outcome in contrast to successful separation from one's family of origin while maintaining connectedness, which leads to a healthy sense of autonomy.