Final answer:
Option (a), A quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present to conduct the business of a meeting, typically a simple majority.
Step-by-step explanation:
The minimum number of members that must be present to conduct the business of a meeting is referred to as a quorum. This number is typically a simple majority unless otherwise specified in an organization's bylaws. A quorum ensures that there is sufficient representation to make decisions that reflect the will of the group. It is important to note that while a full majority may not necessarily vote, they must be present and capable of voting.
The concept of a quorum is particularly important to legislative bodies such as Congress, where the constitution states that 'A Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members.'
On the other hand, a supermajority is a type of voting rule where more than a simple majority is required for a measure to pass. Supermajority requirements are often reserved for decisions of significant consequence, such as constitutional amendments. In some cases, supermajority rules can require as much as two-thirds or even three-quarters of the chamber's membership to agree to a measure.