Final answer:
New World monkeys, from South America, have a 2-1-3-3 dental formula, while Old World monkeys, from Africa and Asia, have a 2-1-2-3 dental formula. New World monkeys are known for broad noses and prehensile tails, whereas Old World monkeys have narrow noses and no prehensile tails.
Step-by-step explanation:
New World monkeys, from South America, have a 2-1-3-3 dental formula, whereas Old World monkeys, from Africa and Asia, have a 2-1-2-3 dental formula. The New World monkeys are also known as Platyrrhini and are recognized for their broad noses and many have prehensile tails for arboreal living. In contrast, Old World monkeys, referred to as Catarrhini, are characterized by their narrow, downward-pointed noses and lack of a prehensile tail, with some species adapted to ground-dwelling lifestyles.
The Haplorrhini, or Anthropoids, are divided into the infraorders Simiiformes which include Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) and Catarrhini (Old World monkeys). Platyrrhines are exclusively found in Central and South America, and have a distinct prehensile tail adapted for their arboreal lifestyle. Contrastingly, Catarrhines are found across Africa and Asia, with features adapted to both arboreal and terrestrial environments, and they exhibit a more varied social structure compared to New World species.