Final answer:
Nondisjunction may cause a variety of chromosomal disorders, including Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), Turner syndrome, Jacob's syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome, when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly during meiosis. Thus, all the options provided (Trisomy 21, Turner syndrome, Jacob's syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome) are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nondisjunction may cause several chromosomal disorders due to the presence of an incorrect number of chromosomes. This process occurs when pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis, leading to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes. Consequently, this can lead to different syndromes depending on the specific chromosomes involved.
- Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
- Turner syndrome is the result of nondisjunction leading to a missing X chromosome in females (X0 genotype).
- Jacob's syndrome is when males have an extra Y chromosome (XYY).
- Klinefelter syndrome is caused by males having an extra X chromosome (XXY).
Therefore, the answer to the question is 'd) All answers are correct.' Each of these syndromes is a result of nondisjunction and the subsequent genetic imbalance that this error produces in a diploid organism.