Final answer:
The kidneys maintain homeostasis by filtering blood; regulating water, ions, and pH levels; as well as excreting waste products like urea and uric acid. They also secrete hormones that regulate blood pressure, stimulate red blood cell production, and manage calcium levels for bone health. The correct option is C) All of these options are correct
Step-by-step explanation:
The kidneys are vital organs that perform several crucial functions necessary for maintaining the body's homeostasis. They filter all the blood in the body multiple times per day, projecting about 1.5 liters of urine.
This filtration process helps in the excretion of waste products, which include nitrogenous wastes like urea and uric acid, as well as controls the amount of water and ions in the blood.
Kidneys are also important in regulating the body's salt ion balance, controlling blood pressure through hormone secretion, and maintaining the acid-base balance in the body.
They help in maintaining the homeostasis of mineral ions in extracellular fluid, controlling the volume of extracellular fluids, and thus regulating blood pressure.
Furthermore, they secrete hormones like erythropoietin, which influences red blood cell production, renin for blood pressure regulation, and calcitriol to help maintain calcium for bones.
These functions are instrumental and align with the discussion on how the kidneys maintain homeostasis, regulate ion and water balance, and excrete toxins. The correct option is C) All of these options are correct