Final answer:
The assertion that human cells have 50 chromosomes in 25 pairs is false; humans have 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs, with 22 autosomal and one pair of sex chromosomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that typical human cells contain 50 chromosomes organized into 25 pairs is false. Human cells normally have 46 chromosomes, which are organized into 23 pairs. Each cell has one set of 23 chromosomes inherited from each parent, resulting in chromosomes that are paired as homologous pairs, each consisting of chromosomes of the same size, shape, and gene content. Two of these pairs are sex chromosomes, determining an individual's sex: females have XX and males have XY. The rest are called autosomes. The presence of homologous chromosomes means that humans have a diploid genome, designated as 2n, where n represents a single set of chromosomes. This diploid configuration is found in all somatic (body) cells. However, human gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid, with just one set of 23 chromosomes, because they are used for reproductive purposes and will combine during fertilization to create a diploid organism.