Final answer:
A Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) in common emitter configuration uses base voltage to control the flow of current from the emitter to the collector. It operates distinctively in forward and reverse bias situations, with the base-emitter junction showing a large increase in current with a slight increase in base voltage. BJTs are essential for signal amplification in electronics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Input-Output Characteristics of a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
A Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) in common emitter (CE) configuration is a three-part semiconductor device consisting of an emitter, base, and collector. The BJT controls the flow of current within a circuit and can be used as an amplifier or switch. The base voltage is crucial since it acts like a valve that controls the base current (IB) which in turn regulates the collector current (Ic).
In CE configuration, the emitter is forward biased, and the collector is reverse biased. When a forward bias voltage is applied to the base-emitter junction, it allows the electric current to flow easily, which is indicated by a rapid increase in collector current with a small change in base voltage. Conversely, in the reverse bias situation, the current is minimal until the breakdown voltage is reached, where an avalanche of current can occur.
Specifically, the current-voltage relationship in the transistor can be represented by the equation Inet = 10 (eeVb/BT - 1), where Vb is the base voltage and Inet is the net current flowing through the transistor. The BJTs are pivotal in the functioning of electronic devices such as computers and audio amplifiers due to their ability to control and amplify signals.