Final answer:
The majority of water that is filtered by glomerular filtration is reabsorbed into the blood through the proximal tubule of the nephron in the kidney.
Step-by-step explanation:
The majority of water that leaves the blood each day by glomerular filtration returns to the blood through reabsorption by the proximal tubule (PCT). The process of reabsorption is a critical function of the kidney whereby needed substances are reclaimed from the filtrate back into the blood. In the kidneys, after blood is filtered through the glomerulus, the filtrate, containing various solutes and water, enters the renal tubule. A significant part of the reabsorption occurs in the PCT, where around two-thirds of the filtered salts and water are reabsorbed. The peritubular capillaries around the PCT play a crucial role in this reabsorption process. In conclusion, the correct answer to the student's question is C) Proximal tubule.