Final answer:
The formation of ketones is promoted by conditions such as diabetes, starvation, and low carbohydrate diets, where the body relies on fat metabolism due to insufficient glucose utilization, leading to the overproduction of ketone bodies and resulting in ketonemia and ketonuria.
Step-by-step explanation:
Conditions in the body that promote the formation of ketones include states of insufficient glucose utilization, such as during diabetes, starvation, or low carbohydrate diets. In diabetes, there is either the absence of insulin or resistance to it, leading to decreased glucose uptake by cells and a reliance on fat metabolism. The breakdown of fatty acids in such conditions results in the excessive production of acetyl-CoA, which then leads to increased formation of ketone bodies. Continuous production of ketone bodies beyond the peripheral tissues' utilization capacity causes these ketone bodies to accumulate in the blood, leading to ketonemia, and to be excreted in the urine, leading to ketonuria. When the liver produces more ketone bodies than can be used by the body, ketosis or even ketoacidosis can occur, which can be detected by a characteristic sweet smell of acetone on the breath or increased levels of ketones in the urine.