Final answer:
d) All of the above is the correct answer for symptoms in persons with untreated diabetes mellitus, which include high blood glucose levels, glucose in the urine, and excessive urination due to the body's inability to properly use insulin.
Step-by-step explanation:
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus, several symptoms and effects occur due to the body's inability to properly use insulin. Because insulin is essential for cells to absorb glucose, its dysfunction leads to a series of issues. The correct answer is d) All of the above, because:
- Blood glucose levels are very high due to the body's cells being unable to uptake glucose efficiently, leading to a condition known as hyperglycemia.
- Glucose appears in the urine (glycosuria) because the kidneys cannot reabsorb all the glucose filtered from the blood, resulting in its excretion.
- Excessive urination (polyuria) occurs as a result of the osmotic effect of glucose in the urine, which draws more water into the urine and leads to an increase in urine volume.
This excessive loss of fluids can also lead to dehydration and increased thirst, a symptom commonly observed in individuals with untreated diabetes mellitus.