Final answer:
The claim that Metaphase (mitosis) and Metaphase II (meiosis) involve no pairs of chromosomes is true. Mitosis's Metaphase and meiosis's Metaphase II feature individual sister chromatids without homologous pairs, while meiosis I's Metaphase I has paired homologous chromosomes. Anaphase in mitosis and meiosis II separates sister chromatids, differing from Anaphase I of meiosis I, which separates homologous chromosome pairs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement about Metaphase (mitosis) and Metaphase II (meiosis) being stages where no pairs of chromosomes are present is True. In Metaphase of mitosis, individual sister chromatids line up along the cell's equator on the metaphase plate. In contrast, during Metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosome pairs align on the metaphase plate, while in Metaphase II of meiosis, which resembles mitosis, sister chromatids spread across the metaphase plate but there are no homologous pairs as those were separated in Anaphase I.
During anaphase, in both mitosis and meiosis II, these sister chromatids are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles. In contrast, during Anaphase I of meiosis I, it is the homologous chromosome pairs that are separated, not the sister chromatids. Both mitosis and meiosis II result in the separation of sister chromatids; however, they differ in the number of chromosomes present at the beginning of these stages. Mitosis begins with a diploid set of chromosomes, while meiosis II follows meiosis I, starting with a haploid set due to the separation of homologous chromosomes.