Final answer:
Magnetism is explained by electron spin patterns, with the magnetic moment of an electron being proportional to its inherent spin orientation. Electron spins contribute to the magnetic properties of materials, which is evident through the interaction between magnetic moments of electrons and protons.
Step-by-step explanation:
Magnetism can be explained in terms of electron spin patterns. An electron has a magnetic moment associated with its intrinsic spin. The magnetic moment of an electron is proportional to its spin, and electrons have two possible orientations, known as spin up or spin down, which contribute to the magnetic properties of materials. Additionally, the interaction between the magnetic moments of the electron and the proton, called spin-spin coupling, can be observed in the hyperfine structure of atomic spectra.