Final answer:
The subject of this question is History. It asks about the second wave of immigration between 1830 and 1880, focusing on various immigrant groups and their reasons for coming to the United States.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is History. The question asks about the second wave of immigration between 1830 and 1880, specifically focusing on German immigrants escaping political unrest, Italian immigrants seeking economic opportunities, Japanese immigrants during the Meiji Restoration, and Jewish immigrants fleeing persecution.