Final answer:
The three chief elements that shaped Israel's identity as the people of God are the covenant with Yahweh, which promised exclusive worship and devotion, the law as given to Moses including the Ten Commandments, and the central worship of Yahweh, especially through the temple in Jerusalem instituted by King Solomon.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three chief elements that provided Israel with its identity as the people of God are covenant, law, and worship. The Israelites, known for their distinctive monotheism, entered a covenant with Yahweh, promising exclusivity in worship and devotion in exchange for a land of abundance and peace. Moses, a central figure in solidifying this identity, received laws from Yahweh, including the Ten Commandments, which not only ingrained the worship of a single deity but also laid the foundation for moral and social conduct within the community. With the establishment of the first temple in Jerusalem by King Solomon, a centralized place of worship for Yahweh was created, further bolstering the religious and cultural identity of the Israelites.