Final answer:
The Roman conquest of Palestine led to the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem, and consequent changes in Judaic tradition, massive Jewish diaspora, economic strain due to heavy taxation, and an economic boost for Rome through wealth transfer from conquered lands.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Roman conquest of Palestine brought significant changes, with one of the most profound being the permanent destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem in 70 CE. This tragic event followed a massive uprising against Roman rule in 66 CE and led to a deep alteration of Jewish religious life, shaping Judaism into a religion more focused around synagogues than the Temple. Additionally, the Roman conquest resulted in heavy taxation on the inhabitants, contributing to economic troubles and fostering resentment among the Jewish population towards the Romans.
Furthermore, the uprising and subsequent defeat by the Romans led to the Jewish diaspora, with many Jews being enslaved or deported. This marked a crucial point in Jewish history, as it effectively resulted in the loss of the Jewish homeland until the establishment of the modern state of Israel in 1948 CE. Meanwhile, the transferred wealth from looted resources, including those from the Second Temple, helped finance Roman structures such as the Arch of Titus and the Colosseum, indicating an economic benefit for the Roman Empire during that period.