Final answer:
Under the reign of Antiochus IV, Israel faced persecution and desecration of the Temple, as Antiochus tried to suppress Jewish religious practices, leading to the Maccabean Revolt.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reign of Antiochus IV brought significant challenges for Israel, with one of the most notable being persecution and desecration of the Temple. This period was marked by heightened tensions and conflicts due to Antiochus IV's imposition of Hellenistic culture and attempts to suppress Jewish religious practices. His actions included the despoiling of the Second Temple and banning traditional Jewish religious rites, which led to the Maccabean Revolt. This revolt was a significant event in Jewish history, as it was sparked by the resistance to the enforced Hellenization and the desire to restore Jewish religious freedom and practices.