Final answer:
After Trace's death, the property is owned by Lucas and Tom. Lucas retains his original share through the right of survivorship in joint tenancy, and Tom retains his share as a tenant in common, which he purchased from Ivan.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ownership of the property after Trace's death will be determined by the rules governing joint tenancy. In a joint tenancy, the property is owned by all tenants equally, and the 'right of survivorship' applies, which means that if one tenant dies, their interest in the property reverts to the surviving joint tenants, not to the deceased's heirs or through a will. When Ivan sold his interest to Tom, the joint tenancy between the original owners was broken, and Tom owned his share as a tenant in common, not as a joint tenant. When Chad died intestate, since the joint tenancy was intact between him, Lucas, and Trace, his share passed on to the remaining joint tenants, Lucas and Trace. Trace's attempt to will his property would not override the right of survivorship that Lucas had as a joint tenant. Therefore, the answer is: d) Lucas and Tom.
Following these rules, after Trace's death, the property would be owned by Lucas and Tom. Lucas would retain his share from the original joint tenancy, while Tom would retain the share he purchased from Ivan as a tenant in common.