Final answer:
The work done by gravity on a particle thrown upwards can be found by calculating the negative change in potential energy, which is ℑU = mgh. The work done by gravity is -0.98 J, which does not match any of the provided choices indicating a potential error in the options.
Step-by-step explanation:
The work done by the force of gravity while the particle is moving upward can be calculated using the work-energy principle, where work done (ℑW) equals the change in potential energy (ℑU). The potential energy change when the particle goes up is given by ℑU = mgh, where m is the mass of the particle, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²), and h is the height reached by the particle.
The mass of the particle is 20 g (which is 0.02 kg when converted to kilograms), and to find the height we can use the equation of motion under constant acceleration, v² = u² + 2gh, where v is the final velocity (0 m/s at the highest point), u is the initial velocity (10 m/s), and h is the maximum height reached.
Solving for the height, we get h = u² / (2g) = (10 m/s)² / (2 × 9.8 m/s²) = 5 m.
Now, plugging into the potential energy change formula, ℑU = mgh = (0.02 kg) × (9.8 m/s²) × (5 m) = 0.98 J. Because the work done by gravity is equal to the negative of the change in potential energy when the particle goes up, the work done by gravity will be ℑW = -ℑU = -0.98 J. However, since the choices provided are all in whole numbers, either there is an error in the options or additional information is required to match one of the provided options.