Final answer:
Benjamin Franklin did help establish an early abolitionist society, making the statement true. Altruism is characterized by selflessly helping others, which interfaces with Andrew Carnegie's views on philanthropy and broader moral concepts. The effectiveness of Madison's diplomacy compared to Jefferson's is subject to debate, reflecting the complexity of early American foreign policies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'Benjamin Franklin established the first abolitionist society in America' can be considered true. Benjamin Franklin was indeed a founding member and president of the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, which was established in 1775 and is recognized as one of the first American abolitionist organizations.
The concept of altruism corresponds with actions that are motivated by a selfless helping of others, without necessarily expecting anything in return. This term fits within the descriptions of both Andrew Carnegie's philanthropic philosophy, which emphasizes aiding those who will help themselves, and the moral psychology concept that individuals possess a mix of self-interest and altruism.
Regarding James Madison's diplomacy, the statement in Exercise 11.2.1 suggests that he was more effective than Jefferson at finding peaceful solutions with the British and French. The correctness of this statement could be debated; however, Madison did play a significant role in diplomacy during the early years of the United States through his work on the Constitution and as Secretary of State and then President.