Question

How did certain actions provide Ethiopians with a rationale for resisting European encroachment?

Answer 1

Certain actions during the era of European encroachment provided Ethiopians with a strong rationale for resisting European presence. The Battle of Adwa in 1896, where Ethiopian forces successfully repelled the Italian invasion, became a symbol of resistance and demonstrated Ethiopia's ability to defend its sovereignty. Ethiopians took pride in their cultural and religious identity, seeing themselves as guardians of Christianity and defenders of their heritage. Historical precedents of successful resistance against foreign invasions, such as Emperor Yohannes IV and Emperor Tewodros II, inspired Ethiopians to resist European encroachment. Knowledge of the negative consequences of European colonialism in other parts of Africa motivated Ethiopians to protect their independence. Additionally, Ethiopia's challenging terrain and strategic location provided a natural defense against European invaders. These actions and factors collectively provided Ethiopians with a strong rationale for resisting European encroachment and maintaining their independence.

Answer 2

Emperor Menelik II's repudiation of a deceitful treaty with Italy and subsequent military build-up culminated in Ethiopia's victory at the Battle of Adwa, setting a precedent for resisting European colonization in Africa. African resistance varied but was rooted in the desire for sovereignty and control, with post-World War II nationalist movements further challenging European imperialism.

Step-by-step explanation:

The rationale for Ethiopians resisting European encroachment is rooted in their desire to maintain sovereignty and control over their own territory. This resistance was exemplified by the action taken by Emperor Menelik II after realizing that the treaty with Italy was a ruse to establish Italy as a colonial power over Ethiopia. Menelik II acquired modern weapons and European military expertise to strengthen his forces. When open war broke out between Italy and Ethiopia, resulting in the Battle of Adwa in 1896, the Ethiopians were well-prepared and succeeded in decisively defeating the Italian army. This victory compelled Italy and other European powers to formally recognize Ethiopian independence, providing a powerful example of a non-European power successfully repelling European invaders.

Other African nations also demonstrated their resistance to colonial rule, though with varying degrees of success. The brutality of colonial warfare, designed to strike terror into the hearts of the native population, was met with fierce opposition from local rulers and populations, who struggled to resist European imperialism and maintain control over their lands. Following World War II, a growing awareness of exploitation and a rising sense of power amongst Africans led to the formation of nationalist movements that further challenged colonial rule.