Final answer:
Leaders of Western Europe and Tang China justified their rule through divine right and the Mandate of Heaven.
Step-by-step explanation:
Leaders of Western Europe and Tang China justified their rule through different methods.
In Western Europe, leaders often justified their rule through the concept of divine right, which held that monarchs were chosen by God to rule and therefore their power was legitimate. They claimed to have a direct connection to God and that their rule was ordained by divine authority, giving them the right to make decisions and govern their kingdoms.
In Tang China, leaders justified their rule through the concept of the Mandate of Heaven. This concept held that emperors were chosen by heaven to rule and maintain harmony in the world. If a ruler was just and virtuous, heaven would continue to grant them the mandate to rule. If they became corrupt or lost the mandate, heaven would withdraw its support, leading to their downfall.