Final answer:
Jessica's annual raise falls under a fixed interval reinforcement schedule because the raise is delivered at a consistent, predictable time each year. This predictability can lead to a scalloping effect in work performance, with increased effort as the raise approaches.
Step-by-step explanation:
The schedule of reinforcement being used for Jessica, who receives a raise every year at the same time, is known as a fixed interval reinforcement schedule. This is because the reinforcement (raise) is given after a set amount of time (one year) regardless of the number of behaviors (work quality or quantity) performed by Jessica within that timeframe. It differs from a variable interval reinforcement schedule where reinforcements (rewards) are given after an unpredictable amount of time, making it less certain when the reinforcement will occur. Likewise, it is not a variable ratio or fixed ratio reinforcement schedule, as these are based on the number of responses or behaviors rather than a set time interval.Using this schedule, Jessica may exhibit what is known as a "scalloping" response pattern, where her work performance increases as the time for the next raise approaches, potentially decreasing soon after receiving the raise. The predictability of the reinforcement time encourages this particular pattern of behavior, as there is no reward benefit in increasing performance when the raise isn't due.In conclusion, the fixed interval reinforcement schedule utilized with Jessica's annual raise contributes to the expectancy and predictability of her reward, which in turn can influence her work behavior and effort in anticipation of receiving the raise.