Final answer:
The condition characterized by edema, weight loss, and fatty liver is Kwashiorkor, which is caused by a deficiency in protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of malnutrition characterized by edema, mild or moderate weight loss, and fatty liver is known as Kwashiorkor. This condition is a severe form of undernutrition mainly caused by a lack of protein despite possibly adequate caloric intake. Symptoms typically include swelling of the ankles and feet, a distended abdomen, and changes in hair color or texture.
In contrast, Marasmus is characterized by severe wasting and emaciation without edema, as seen in the described Russian child, while Anorexia is a self-induced starvation. Obesity is a result of excessive body fat accumulation and is typically linked with overnutrition, not undernutrition.