Final answer:
The statement that various factors such as age and sex affect the absorption of alcohol and individual BAC is true. The temperance movement was influenced by new social conditions including urbanization and immigration, also true. In digestion, pepsin does not digest cellulose, while glucose can be absorbed without being broken down, and the small intestine has structures to aid in absorption.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that several factors affect the absorption of alcohol is true. Factors such as age, sex, weight, and overall health can all influence a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC), which determines the level of intoxication and the short-term effects of alcohol on the individual. For instance, because of differences in body composition and alcohol metabolism, women often reach higher BACs faster than men, even with the same alcohol intake. Moreover, alcohol consumption affects the body's water balance, leading to increased urine production and the risk of dehydration, as alcohol inhibits a hormone responsible for water retention.
Regarding digestion and absorption processes unrelated to alcohol, it is false that pepsin digests cellulose; this enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach. Glucose, on the other hand, can be directly absorbed by the body without further breakdown. Additionally, absorptive cells in the small intestine indeed have projections known as microvilli that increase the surface area for efficient nutrient absorption.
In a historical context, the temperance movement, which aimed to reduce alcohol consumption, was indeed influenced by social conditions such as urbanization and immigration, making the statement true.