Final answer:
Effective Sexual Assault Prevention and Response services need to be gender-responsive, culturally competent, and trauma-informed to provide a supportive environment and meet the diverse needs of survivors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The essential characteristics that Sexual Assault Prevention and Response (SAPR) services must encompass to be effective include gender-neutral approaches, community involvement, and trauma-informed care. These elements are consistent with the approach advocated by the Fort Bend Women's Center (FBWC), which focuses on creating a supportive environment by reducing rules, offering voluntary services, promoting non-judgmental advocacy, and building trust. Additionally, these services must be adaptable to the diverse needs of survivors, ensuring their safety and confidentiality while acknowledging cultural competencies and responsiveness to gender-specific issues. Consequently, the correct answer to the student's question is D) Gender-responsive services, cultural competence, and trauma-informed care.