Final answer:
The incorrect statement regarding changes in patients older than age 65 with hypertension is that diastolic blood pressure increases with age. Instead, systolic blood pressure might rise due to arterial stiffness. Also, a decreased response to the renin-angiotensin system characterizes older individuals, not an increased one.
Step-by-step explanation:
In aging patients over the age of 65 with hypertension, various physiological changes are commonly observed. Among the changes listed, the incorrect statement is asserted to be an 'Increasing diastolic blood pressure with age.' In reality, diastolic blood pressure typically stops rising in late middle age and may even decrease in individuals above 65. This is in contrast to systolic blood pressure, which may continue to rise with age due to increased arterial stiffness.
Now, to address the renin-angiotensin system, it should be noted that decreased blood pressure prompts the release of renin not from the liver, but from the granular cells in the afferent arteriole of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). The renin thus released catalyzes the production of angiotensin I from angiotensinogen, leading to the eventual formation of angiotensin II, which causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. Subsequently, the release of aldosterone prompted by angiotensin II leads to the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, which in turn increases water retention and blood volume, further elevating blood pressure.
Additionally, older individuals may exhibit a decreased response to the renin-angiotensin system, which is a contrast to what might be expected given their hypertension status. Furthermore, aldosterone does not increase urine output; instead, it prompts the kidneys to reabsorb sodium, which leads to an increase in blood volume and pressure. Thus, the statement that a decrease in response to the renin-angiotensin system occurs in patients older than 65 with hypertension is the one that does not occur; the other changes are commonly associated with hypertension in the elderly.