Final answer:
In classical mechanics, knowing the present state of an isolated system allows prediction of its future state due to determinism. Wave-particle duality is not applicable to macroscopic objects, and several other physics-related concepts, such as work function and entropy, are explained.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question regarding the present state of an isolated system in classical mechanics appears to be incomplete. It seems to be asking whether knowledge of the present state can fully determine the future and past states of the system, which is generally true in classical mechanics. In classical mechanics, if the present state of an isolated system is known, it is possible to predict the future state of the system through Newton's laws of motion. This is because classical mechanics assumes that systems are deterministic.
Addressing the other points:
- Wave-particle duality only manifests at the quantum level, not on the macroscopic scale. Therefore, it is false for macroscopic objects.
- An isolated system is one with no interactions with the outside environment, meaning no external forces or matter transfer.
- The concept of work function (or binding energy) is not described by the classical wave model and is instead a concept from quantum mechanics, making the statement false.
- Newton's third law does apply to external and internal forces such that each action has an equal and opposite reaction.
- An external force is indeed required to set an object in motion even in space, assuming it starts from rest, due to Newton's first law of inertia.
- A state function is a property of a system that depends only on the current state of the system.
- Entropy increase and the approach to thermal equilibrium in isolated systems are described by the second law of thermodynamics, where the disorder tends to increase as predicted by probability.