Final answer:
Theravada Buddhism prioritizes individual enlightenment and closely follows the Buddha's original teachings, mainly practiced in Southeast Asia. Mahayana Buddhism, common in East Asia, highlights universal compassion and the role of bodhisattvas, and is often considered adaptable to various lifestyles. The differences between the two branches stem from their cultural and geographic distinctions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main differences between the Mahayana and Theravada branches of Buddhism lie in their doctrines, practices, and beliefs about the path to enlightenment. Theravada Buddhism, known as the Teaching of the Elders, is the oldest form of Buddhism primarily practiced in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. It focuses on the individual's path to enlightenment through meditation and concentration, adhering closely to the original teachings of the Buddha.
On the other hand, Mahayana Buddhism emerged later and became more prevalent in East Asia, including in Japan, Taiwan, Korea, and parts of Vietnam. It emphasizes universal compassion, selflessness, and is seen by many as a lifestyle that is compatible with other religions. Mahayana tradition includes varied practices but generally places a greater emphasis on the role of bodhisattvas, enlightened beings who choose to help others attain enlightenment.
When considering the three main branches of Buddhism—Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana—their differences stem largely from geographic spread and the cultural adaptations that have influenced their practices and teachings. Vajrayana, often called Tibetan Buddhism and associated with Northern Buddhism, incorporates unique spiritual techniques in pursuit of breaking the cycle of birth and rebirth.