Final answer:
The term 'Data Analysis' refers to the statistical process of organizing and summarizing data to reveal new information, critical in both descriptive and inferential statistics.Option A is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to a statistical process of data to reveal new information is Data Analysis. In the context of a course on statistics, analyzing and interpreting data involves taking raw data and going through a process of organizing and summarizing it, known as descriptive statistics. This can include graphing the data or calculating numerical summaries such as averages. Further on, probability and probability distributions are used in inferential statistics, where formal methods are applied to draw conclusions from the data.
In a practical example, when scientists gather data in their investigations, they analyze it statistically to understand whether the data support their hypotheses. For instance, determining the average decrease in tumor size for a drug-treated group is an example of descriptive statistics, as it involves summarizing data.
When looking at hypothesis testing, it often involves the use of inferential statistics to determine how confident one can be about the conclusions drawn from the data. Computer algorithms and statistical methods are increasingly used to analyze large databases for hypothesis testing, which is in high demand in fields like biology and computer science.