Final answer:
A chain of nursing homes is an example of horizontal integration, which is the expansion of a company within the same industry. John D. Rockefeller did not use social Darwinism as a management strategy, but he did use horizontal integration, vertical integration, and the holding company model.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of integration represented by a chain of nursing homes is horizontal integration.
This strategy involves a company expanding its operations into the same level of the supply chain.
In other words, horizontal integration occurs when a company grows by acquiring or merging with its competitors in the same industry, offering a similar service or product.
It is distinct from vertical integration, where a company expands into different levels of production or distribution.
Regarding the management strategies of John D. Rockefeller, the option that does not represent one of his strategies is C. social Darwinism. While social Darwinism may have influenced the era's business practices, it was not a direct management strategy used by Rockefeller.
His empire, Standard Oil, was notorious for employing strategies such as horizontal integration, vertical integration, and the holding company model to dominate the oil industry.