Final answer:
Modern cell theory covers six points: all organisms are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; cells come from pre-existing cells; cells hold genetic information; cells have the same basic chemical composition; metabolism occurs within cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Modern Cell Theory
Modern cell theory is an essential component in understanding biology. It encapsulates the principles describing the properties and characteristics of cells. The cell theory expanded on the work of several scientists, including Hooke who coined the term cell, and Schwann, who, along with others, contributed to these foundational ideas. Here are the key points it covers in a summary:
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
- Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA. This genetic material is passed on from parent to daughter cell.
- All cells have the same basic chemical composition.
- Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.
Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke, and later scientists like Schleiden, Schwann, Remak, and Virchow elaborated on cell structure and function. The common structures in all cells include the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA. Ribosomes are the cell structures where proteins are made, and DNA plays a critical role in guiding cellular functions and inheritance.