Final answer:
Chain hoists utilize a pulley system to lift heavy loads. The correct option is c) Pulley system, and for a system lifting a 200N load with a 52N effort force, four ropes are needed to achieve a mechanical advantage of 3.80.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chain hoists are able to lift heavy loads by utilizing a pulley system. To answer the question, the correct option is c) Pulley system. Pulley systems work by spreading the force needed to lift a load across multiple ropes and pulleys. In the given scenario, if a pulley system can lift a 200N load with an effort force of 52 N and the efficiency is nearly 100 percent, we can determine the number of ropes needed by dividing the load by the effort force which gives us the mechanical advantage (MA). The calculation would be 200N / 52N, resulting in approximately 3.85, which would be rounded to 3.80 for the mechanical advantage. Consequently, the correct answer is d) 4 ropes are required because the actual mechanical advantage is 3.80, assuming the pulley system is nearly 100 percent efficient. This provides a simple way of calculating mechanical advantage in pulley systems, which is a fundamental concept in physics, especially when dealing with forces and torques in various applications like construction cranes and hoists.