Final answer:
In glycolysis, hexokinase converts glucose into glucose-6-phosphate, while phosphofructokinase-1 converts fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. In gluconeogenesis, these enzymes are replaced by glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, respectively. The key enzymes of gluconeogenesis are pyruvate carboxylase (or carboxykinase), phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1-6-diphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase.
Step-by-step explanation:
In glycolysis, the enzyme hexokinase is responsible for converting glucose into glucose-6-phosphate, while the enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 converts fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. However, in gluconeogenesis, these enzymes are replaced by glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, respectively.
The key enzymes of gluconeogenesis are:
- Pyruvate carboxylase (or carboxykinase)
- Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase
- Fructose-1-6-diphosphatase
- Glucose-6-phosphatase
These enzymes allow for the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis independently of each other.