Final answer:
Glycolysis involves several enzymes that facilitate the splitting of glucose into two pyruvate molecules, including isomerases, aldolase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, and pyruvate kinase, resulting in the production of ATP and NADH.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of glycolysis involves the splitting of a six-carbon glucose molecule into two three-carbon molecules of pyruvate. This transformation occurs through a series of enzymatic steps. Initially, glucose is phosphorylated by the investment of two ATP molecules, which is then split into two three-carbon molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G-3-P). The enzymes responsible for these transformations are isomerases, such as phosphoglucose isomerase, which converts glucose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate, and aldolase, which splits the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two molecules of G-3-P. Later in glycolysis, other enzymes like phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase prepare these molecules for the final conversion into pyruvate by pyruvate kinase, producing a net gain of two ATP molecules and two molecules of NADH. Therefore, the splitting of glucose into two pyruvate molecules is facilitated by a specific sequence of enzymes, each playing a crucial role in the conversion process and the generation of ATP.