Final answer:
All the listed interventions (A, B, and C) should be performed if a newborn's respirations and heart rate are not adequate after an additional 30 seconds. These actions are critical for a newborn with a low Apgar score, especially for premature infants who may require additional support like supplemental oxygen and CPAP.
Step-by-step explanation:
To evaluate a newborn's respirations and heart rate within an additional 30 seconds, if they are not adequate, one should perform all the following: A. Continue stimulation by rubbing the back and extremities, B. Give free-flow supplemental oxygen, and C. Start positive pressure ventilation (PPV). The importance of these actions relates to the Apgar score, which assesses a newborn's health immediately after birth. If the Apgar score is low, particularly in terms of heart rate and respiration, immediate medical attention is needed. For premature infants, supplemental oxygen might be required because their lungs may not be fully developed, necessitating support for proper respiration. The administration of therapies such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and pulmonary surfactant, along with temperature regulation and nutritional support, can improve a premature infant's condition.