Final answer:
Hypercalcemia is the condition associated with calcium being released from bones into the blood due to hyperparathyroidism, leading to high blood calcium levels and increased risk of bone fractures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition associated with calcium being released from bones into the blood due to hyperparathyroidism is Hypercalcemia (C). Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which subsequently leads to the excessive removal of calcium from the bones and into the bloodstream. This condition not only results in high blood calcium levels but also to a structural weakness of the bones, increasing the risk for deformation and fractures.
In contrast, hypocalcemia is seen in hypoparathyroidism, which may follow the removal of the thyroid gland, while calcitonin, a hormone produced by the thyroid, acts to lower blood calcium levels by increasing the activity of osteoblasts, which incorporate calcium into the bone matrix. Hyperparathyroidism can also lead to manifestations like kidney stones due to high serum calcium levels.