Final answer:
Working memory is the term for temporary memory that is used for processing and manipulating information through activities like rehearsal and retrieval strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to temporary memory that encodes information through rehearsal, decisions, and retrieval strategies is C) Working memory. Working memory pertains to the part of short-term memory that is concerned with immediate conscious perceptual and linguistic processing. While both short-term memory and working memory serve the function of manipulation and processing of information, working memory is a more comprehensive concept that includes short-term memory as a component.
Working memory allows for information to be temporarily held and manipulated which is essential during cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension. It is this part of our memory system that enables us to engage in complex cognitive processes such as mental calculations and problem-solving.