Final answer:
Late effects of nitrosurea chemotherapy can involve neurological complications, cardiovascular problems, and kidney damage, all of which are serious and can lead to long-term health issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
Potential late effects for patients treated with nitrosureas, a class of chemotherapy drugs, include significant health complications. These drugs can result in various long-term side effects affecting different organ systems. Specifically, neurological complications are recognized as a potential late effect of nitrosurea treatment. Neurological issues may include damage to the nervous system leading to cognitive deficits, such as IQ loss, learning difficulties, and behavioral changes.
In addition, patients receiving nitrosurea therapy can face cardiovascular problems due to blood vessel damage, which can lead to heart disease and stroke. Another serious late effect is kidney damage, which can result in chronic kidney disease or even kidney failure, causing further homeostatic imbalances, such as metabolic acidosis and mineral ion imbalances. While the question does not directly refer to respiratory or gastrointestinal issues as late effects, it's imperative to monitor for a comprehensive range of side effects post-treatment due to the systemic nature of chemotherapy drugs.